863 Program Sets Industry Standards

　　863 Program Sets Industry Standards for Automotive Batteries

　　China also set requirements about the cycle life of the whole system. For iron and aluminum phosphate batteries, the cycle life should not be less than 150,000 kilometers. As to the cost of batteries, there are also some requirements. For power batteries, the cost should be less than three yuan for each kwh. For energy batteries, the cost should be less than two yuan for each kwh.

　　Since 10th Five-Year Plan, Ministry of Science and Technology has been offering supports for the research and development of power batteries. In fact, with the supports offered by 863 project, China has cultivated a series of power batteries which have intellectual property. The requirements range from 6Ah to 100Ah.

　　The chart in the left side shows the development of lithium-ion batteries, whose power density rose from less than 500w/kg in 2002 to 2300 w/kg in 2008. The rate of progress is indeed fast. The chart in the right side shows the steady development of nickel-metal hydride batteries. The power density rose from 800w/kg in 2003 to 1200w/kg in 2008.

　　Then I would like to discuss about the progress of energy lithium-ion batteries. Let's have a look. Most companies still prefer to use iron and aluminum phosphate as the cathode materials of batteries. Fewer enterprises use aluminum manganese oxide. Among all the companies which use iron and aluminum phosphate, the highest specific energy is close to 110 kwh/kg. The specific energy of iron and aluminum phosphate is higher than 110kwh/kg with the specific power close to 500w/kg. All of these data come from the test results which were collected by the year of 2008. Now we offer supports to the second-term project of the 11th Five-Year Plan. Nowadays we are carrying out the tests.

　　The chart shows the life cycle curve of a battery system. This is a normal cycle life curve. From this curve we can find out a battery system whose cycle life has exceeded for more than one thousand times. The remaining capacity is still above 80%. Besides battery modules, we also launched some research and experiments about the safety of batteries, including compression, acupuncture, and short circuit and so on. The batteries have reached the corresponding requests. Therefore, we are able to use these batteries in practice. We also carried out some research and development programs about the safety of pure electric vehicles. According to the test results, the batteries can meet the safety requirements. As to the battery system, we also made great efforts to develop battery integration, battery management and etc. We also took the sales prices of batteries into consideration and collected statistics. Regarding the nickel-metal hydride batteries which are used on hybrid vehicles, the price for each watt is about ten to thirteen yuan. For lithium-ion batteries, the cost is about seven to nine yuan. When it comes to the lithium-ion batteries which are used on pure electric vehicles, the price is three to five yuan for each watt. This price does not contain the cost of BMS system. In my opinion, this price should be drop by 50% or more in the next few years. I think, based on the current trend, it is possible to achieve such kind of goal.

　　The 863 Program set a number of industry standards.

　　Meanwhile, as to the standards, China has also done a lot of work. Firstly, within the 863 Program, we have an internal manual. Therefore, based on the contents of the manual, we have set mandatory requirements for testing batteries. In fact, this is an open process. All of us can see it. There are industry standards for nickel-metal hydride batteries as well as industry standards for lithium-ion batteries. There are also standards for lead-acid batteries and super capacitors. Now all of the experiments are basically carried out in accordance with the corresponding industry standards. As to the test of battery safety, cycle life test and power-type battery system test, we are also devising some standards.

　　Now I would like to discuss about the standardized criteria of batteries. I think this will be the first standardized criteria of batteries across the world. The criteria have been adopted by the National Standards Committee and will be issued by the end of 2010. The criteria cover two types of batteries-Ni-MH batteries and lithium-ion batteries, including several specific kinds of batteries. The criteria include a number of mainstream batteries which are used on hybrid and pure electric vehicles in China. Please see the chart. There are corresponding specifications of lithium-ion batteries and nickel-metal hydride batteries.

　　There will be over one million electric vehicles in the year of 2015. (Translator: Qinghua/Hanxin)

　　See Original Chinese Report Please Clicks:

　　http://auto.sohu.com/20101201/n278035905_1.shtml